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There were no experiments in prison reform at that time. The call for prison reform wasn't heard until the mid 19th Century. The use of hulks was a convenient way to house prisoners without the need to go to the expense of building new gaols on land. The hulks were ships that could still float, but were condemned for use at sea. I thinbk, too that we don't have an idea of how big those hulks were and the available space to accommodate people. Also those prisoners provided a cheap source of labour to carry out tasks for the Government on the docks of England. Did you know that hulks were used in Sydney Harbour to hold the worst convicts? As in England, these convicts were taken off the hulks in chain gangs to do the more arduous work. I am of the opinion that most well-behaved convicts moved about the colony unfettered by chains. The pictures in the history books of convicts in chain gangs no doubt depict these hulk residents. I hope that you have used that link I posted to get a bit of truth about the use of hulks in Britain.

Sometimes that is a big asset!

I hope I didn't sound too 'conservative' - that term has negative political connotations these days. I do prefer tactile interaction with controls. That won't stop me playing/learning other kinds or locations of controls. Of course I'll adapt. But I hope the other automated facets of new vehicles gets very thoroughly tested. I spent a lot of my career testing and commissioning complex automation and I know there will always be users who can bring about unforseen results. A bit like MrMusky's unplanned post launch disassembly of his rockets.

So many threads this could go in. I chose Silly Pics because 'tis silly to allow vested interests to control political narrative..... Oh dear. The forum prohibited me posting a meme that said something like: 'twitter allows exposure of Nancy Pelosi's trades, but not Donold's trades' Have I been found out by the Deep State?

It's not just EVs that have LED and similar tablet type displays in front of them.. most new cars to these days. That really is not the issue. A speedo cable can snap on an analogue system and you have the same issue - I have had it happen on a Saturday arvo and no speedo until Monday morning. I would hope there are no controls on that screen. Sticking yuor hand between the spokes of the steering wheel is not a good thing. On the controls, using touch screen doesn't give you a sense of magnitude of change (e.g. temperature, etc) without looking. Well, at least for some time, anyway. Also, early model Teslas were infamous for the depth of menu setting one had to go through to get to whatever function was required. Muscle memory will only go some way.. as it does on analogue or tactile type inputs. How many times (in an old 4 or 5 on the floor, or even a 3 or 54 on the column) have we crunched the gears or almost stalled the car going into the wrong gear. However, the physical/tactile approach allows us to correct without reverting to looking at the gears (unless we really stuff it up and have lost spatial awareness of where the gear is). So, the Atrick household vehicle mix is chaning. Daughter just wants an old banger (UK speak)/bomb (Aus speak) of a car as she will be in a house in the next academic year, won't have a driveway, and will not want the hassle of a nice car getting road rash from an inner urban environment. Good on her. So it will be a petrol Ford Fiesta (most likely); manual, a/c, power steering and otherwise minimal. Mrs Atrick is in for a little shock... She is getting an EV - Probably an MG4 to replace her mini. She doesn't know it yet.

We don't know the details of the deal he has.. They will have done their homework. My guess is they only service they are paying him for is access to his address book.

Indeed.. and as the technology improves, they will continue to change.

Until now (thanks, OME) I have never given it much thought. Except maybe something didn't quite seem right about the populat hulk-convict story. I never believed the Brit government would go to all that trouble and expense just to carry out a social experiment in prison reform.

Things have changed

How can we have a half decent argument if you say stuff like this?

Are you telling us something?

I think most historians agree with OME.

Here is a page from the specs of the Vestas V126-3.3MW 50/60Hz https://www.rettetdenbuschberg.at/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/10_V126-3.3-Allgemeine-Spezifikation.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com Page 27 Certainly, derating does begin at around 30 degrees but at a little over 40 degrees it is only losing a small amount and does not cut out fully until 45 degrees. I would suggest that there would not be too many days exceeding 45 degrees in locations where wind farms are generally built.

Links?

I present what I posted with a high level of confidence that it is correct; however, feel free to present verifiable information to the contrary. I would also be happy to post the detailed links supporting what I posted. It would be surprising if wind turbine manufacturers did not design specifically for different environments. You would expect turbines made for offshore use to be differently designed than those for onshore use or in deserts.

The newer ones still had a hard stop at 40. The derating started earlier. Blades dont make a difference to coolant temp, maybe the fan at the front can be made to blow more air over the radiators😁

Have you ever shut down and then started a coal fired power station? I am sort of bored answering this.. so will let AI do the talking: I don't see any excellents for coal. The one thing that renewables is poor at, ironically can be moderated by the answer to the last thing on the list. The key being the older ones, and the design for European conditions (which under current climate change, at least in the southern half of Europe is fast approaching Aussie type weather anyway). The blades and turbines design can be changed to meet Aussie requirements relatively easily; Coal, not so easy to refine the design any more that it is.. You can add scubbers and makle the boilers a bit more efficient, but I doubt they would advance too far from where they are now.

Unless they have changed in the ladt 4 years. Fot the wtg i worked on the older ones use to be a harx stop at 40 degrees, but often use to stop on hot gen coolant or converter temp. The newer ones would start to derare in the 30s and stop at ambient of 40. They wrre dedigned for europesn summers.

Coal can be flexible as it use to be beforr parasitic intermittent generation came on the seen. If you had enough plants they all didnt have to move much to make a large change on the grid

NEW Coal fired Power stations not only Pollute, they cost too much and are not flexible. Lots of people die Mining coal. My Grandfather was one of them. Black lung cases still occur and dust goes for Kilometres from Open Cut mines. Subsidence from old mines affects a lot of towns in Australia.. Pollution of rivers, like the MacArthur in the NT is of great concern. We NEED mining BUT clean up your game afterwards..Today the concept of BASELINE Power is used to confuse. Todey, Peak demand often relates to Airconditioner usage in the afternoon in Private residences. Not Heavy Industry. Nev

His niece. Mary Trump, is a qualified psychologist who doesn't hold back on Trumps unsuitability for the Job. She is in a position to KNOW. Nev

That's exactly the point. Fossil fuel supporters always bring up the cost of transitioning to renewable as a reason not to do it. Strangely, they never mention the cost of not doing it

By that time the British were well established. It was a different place than it was in 1788. Wool was a major export and the several localities were pretty close to self-sufficiency. One of my Irish ancestors came as a convict about 1834 and was assigned to a property in the Upper Hunter District. After he had served his sentence he made his way back to Sydney and went into business and beginning a family that did alright for itself. Since a lot of convicts were transported for what we would now consider trivial offences, once they completed their sentences they went on to make good lives for themselves. However, talking about what happened post-1800 is a red herring to the original point of the topic, which is the discovery of the true reason for the establishment of a presence here.

Our discussion around climate change has centred on power generation and ICE cars v EVs. But, it is a muilt-pronged approach required. As the rest of the world clears its heat sink, China is building its up: https://www.livescience.com/planet-earth/plants/trees-in-chinas-great-green-wall-appear-to-grow-faster-than-natural-forests-study-finds Where fossil or nuclear makes sense, it should be used. The reality with today's technology, there are fewer and fewer places it makes sense. And should the political shift to drive a shift to local storage and distribution, the use of rapidly outdating technologies will make even less sense. We talk about the economics of doing it, but we rarely talk about the economics of not doing it. And economics is man made, anyway... the real cost (ie. outcomes) of not doing will lead to socio-economic costs far beyond the pure economic cost of doing it.