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Octave, I don't see how this statement can be scientifically correct, simply because of the major difference in the accuracy of temperature-measuring instruments, and measuring methods, between 1880 and 2026. Now, even NASA admit the old instruments and methods were inaccurate - but they only go into how good their current measuring systems are! They totally fail to address the possible discrepancies by utilising the old records! https://science.nasa.gov/earth/climate-change/the-raw-truth-on-global-temperature-records/ QUESTION: What were the temperature measuring accuracy differences between 1880 and 2026? Major differences in temperature-measuring instruments between 1880 and 2026 center on the shift from manual, liquid-in-glass (LiG) technology to automated, electronic sensors, and a massive increase in spatial coverage and calibration precision. While 19th-century mercury thermometers were inherently accurate to within roughly 0.1°C–0.2°C, modern systems (2026) offer higher resolution, near-instantaneous logging, and lower uncertainty through digital, satellite, and AI-integrated networks. Key Differences in Accuracy and Technology (1880 vs. 2026) Instrument Type (Manual vs. Digital): In 1880, measurements were primarily taken with mercury-in-glass thermometers housed in early Stevenson screens. In 2026, the standard is electronic, using thermistors, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), or infrared sensors. Measurement Frequency and Consistency: 1880s thermometers required manual reading and resetting of maximum/minimum markers, which could introduce human error and bias. By 2026, AI-integrated digital systems provide continuous, automatic, and remote logging, eliminating manual reading errors. Calibration and Stability: Well-maintained 1880s mercury thermometers were highly accurate, sometimes reported as being accurate to 0.1°C. However, modern Platinum Resistance Thermometers (PRTs) and digital sensors (2026) allow for higher stability and more frequent, standardized calibration, reducing drift. Data Coverage and Spatial Uncertainty: While individual instruments in 1880 were accurate, the density of weather stations was low, leading to high spatial sampling error. By 2026, thousands of stations, along with satellite data and AI, significantly reduce this uncertainty. Key Factors Influencing Historical vs. Modern Data Environmental Bias (Urban Heat Island): A significant difference is not the thermometer itself, but its surroundings. 1880s stations were often rural. By 2026, many stations are located in developed urban areas, requiring complex adjustments for the "urban heat island" effect. Methodology Changes: The shift from measuring sea surface temperatures via wooden buckets to engine intake sensors on ships (post-1950s) required significant, complex data adjustments. "Accuracy Paradox": Some analyses suggest that properly maintained 19th-century thermometers were more accurate in absolute terms than some modern, cheaply made electronic sensors that may have higher, wider margins of error (e.g., ±2°F). However, the modern ability to network and calibrate thousands of sensors yields better global accuracy. In summary, 1880s instruments were reliable but sparse and manually operated, while 2026 instruments are automated, dense, and digitally integrated, providing far greater, though constantly adjusted, accuracy for global averages

There is no PLANet B. This place is the best for Millions of light years. This Blue Planet and US were made for each other. Why not look after it? Nev

The ONLY Poll that Matters is when people actually vote. The More effort you take to be informed about who you choose to vote for the better the outcome will Be.. She doesn't HAVE ONE person in the Lower House. Because she has funding from Gina & support from the Murdock Press & they have both Met Trump she thinks they are on a roll. HER group are very diverse and May each have varied expectations of How they fit in the NEW Pecking order and POLICY formulation. It won't be ALL Plain Sailing ahead. After all It's Pauline's ONE Notion. No one else's. Nev

You don't have to marry people to Have people to communicate with. connection with Like minded groups is a good start. I'd hate to try dating sites. Nev

I would say its the main reason. If they were any good, she wouldn't get a look in.

There's NO valid comparison at all. No proper process was involved with the ICE procedure. The Courts were involved HERE.. EVENTUALLY she was let out., T Abot Created a special fund for the Purpose of taking her to Court, which was a Bit questionable. Nev

Not the ONLY reason. How she Operates is worthy of discussion.. Nev

Poorline was jailed for corruption. Not the same

The only reason this is even a discussion point is because of the poor performance of the alternatives.

The Sun will become a Red Giant. Meanwhile Back to the Next 200 years which is of some Immediate concern to us I feel. Nev

Changes to the climate have occurred for over 3 billion years. It took this amount of time for the suns energy to enable life forms to create the fossil fuels we use today. We have used at least half of all the known reserves and most of the easily extractable fossil fuel in the last 150 years. So that is about 150 billion years of stored energy gone with all the waste going in to the atmosphere and oceans in only 150 years. Anyone who thinks that has not affected our climate must have rocks in their head.. Also climate variations from ice ages to Antarctica being green to a world too hot for land mammals to survive took thousands of years, some times millions of years. The last 40 years has seen the largest average temperature increase in recorded history and that is not very long. Mini ice ages and heat waves have occurred during human occupation of the planet but that is a measly 1 million years at best. At least 21 human species have existed but we are the only one that has survived for the past 40,000 years, the others wiped out for a number of reasons including the climate. We have to reduce our emissions or risk extinction which if we continue to increase them at the current rate will only be a few hundred years or less. Once we have used all of the fossil fuels available the planet will settle down to do its thing with changes occurring over the next few million years till the sun burns out.

yep https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2023/01/harvard-led-analysis-finds-exxonmobil-internal-research-accurately-predicted-climate-change/

I did NOT say YOUR post was rubbish. Read what I DID say please. Are the Recent changes predictable of the future?. Ice cores from the Antarctic take us back a long way telling us of the atmosphere a long time ago. Sorry Your Last SENTENCE IS rubbish I've just re read it. . Even internal Memos of the Oil Companies that have come to light, recently, SHOW they are aware of the issue, AND will try to confuse things so they can go on making profits for Longer. They don't care. $$$s. Nev

The theory of anthropomorphic climate change precedes the IPCC (Svante Arrhenius 1896). Whether the temperature is increasing or not is best measured with hard science rather than our gut feeling. My question OT would be is NASA is fabricating these measurements? Is there a conspiracy between NASA and all the other scientific organisations? Are the acidity measurements of sea water also fabricated? NASA knows the climate is warming through comprehensive, multi-decadal data from satellites, ground-based weather stations, sea buoys, and atmospheric sensors. These tools, analyzed by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISTEMP), show a clear, sustained rise in global surface temperatures of roughly 1.8°F (C) since 1880. NASA Science (.gov) +3 NASA's evidence for climate warming comes from several key sources and findings: Satellite Observations: NASA operates over two dozen satellites that monitor Earth's atmosphere, land, and ice, allowing scientists to track changes in real-time and over long periods. Surface Temperature Records: Millions of data points from stations, ships, and buoys indicate consistent warming. Melting Ice and Rising Sea Levels: Satellite measurements of the cryosphere show shrinking ice sheets and glaciers. Additionally, ocean temperature sensors and satellites confirm that heat-trapping greenhouse gases are causing oceans to absorb heat and expand, resulting in rising sea levels. Atmospheric Data: Instruments monitor atmospheric composition, tracking the increase in heat-trapping gases. Natural Records: Data from ice cores, tree rings, and rocks are used to compare current temperatures with historical, long-term trends. NASA Science (.gov) +8 Independent data from other agencies like NOAA and universities worldwide confirm NASA's findings of significant and rapid warming

Living alone makes you a lot more self-absorbed. I lived alone for too long, I much prefer having someone to share things with as I get older - from chores, right through to exciting "wins" and other joyful experiences. You must experience joyful events together. Despite the occasional arguments and head-butting, we don't indulge in abuse of each other, which many couples seem to degenerate into.

It's going to be interesting to see what happens when the 99 year leases on the British naval and air bases end in 2039. That could mean a major shift in American domination of foreign regions, if Britain insists on getting them back. Of course, the U.S. will demand payment for the infrastructure and development of those bases, and Britain may not be able to pay for that. I may or may not not be around to see it, I'll be 90 then, if I can make it that far.

Take the measurements over a much longer period than our puny lifespans, Nev, and you'll see the variations you claim don't exist. I respect your strong opinions, but point out where my opinions are "rubbish". I too, have studied weather all my life. My former businesses depended greatly on good weather, just as aviation does. I know I've endured some "climate extremes" by way of high temperatures and severe floods. The "wet years" of the early 1960's in W.A. set a lot of records. In the last 30 years, we have endured a substantial downturn in rainfall levels locally. But my experiences and lifetime are but a blip on the radar of "climate". I simply believe the IPCC is a very good breeder of bureaucrats and proponents of schemes, all designed to ensure those utterances and statements and charts keep their cushy 300,000 Euro annual salaries coming. I mean to say, how did the world survive prior to the existence of the IPCC?

I regret the time Lost in reading that rubbish. (The Article) I do wish the world was Not warming and the Oceans getting more acid but the Longer we go the way we are the worse things appear to be getting. Tell Me..... just where are the Glaciers growing and weather getting less extreme? I've been a student of Weather and climate all my life . and support science and the Scientific method. Warmer seas account for a lot of weather change . The Latent Heat of water vaporisation powers all storms. The more water in the atmosphere the greater the energy released . When they go Inland the force decreases as there's Less Moisture. What ever else may happen the effect of what we are doing will still be there. 2 degrees could Be a tipping point . What is the cost of doing Nothing? Insurance companies are trying to calculate such things OR they will go out of Business. .Nev

Pauline Hanson was jailed for the same thing.

My take on it, is this. The variability of climate is substantial. Study old newspapers for stories on massive weather events, and you'll find plenty. You'll also find lengthy serious periods of temperature variations. Bitter Winters where sizeable numbers of people, stock and plants died. Heatwaves that did the same. Droughts and dust storms of previously unknown intensity (the U.S. "dust bowl" of the 1930's. The Federation Drought in Australia). Much weather recording equipment of the earlier eras was inaccurate or poorly recorded (lots of gaps due to the individual recording the event dying, becoming ill, or other types of interference with recording). The researchers are still going back and trying to correct those records to meet current standards, especially where they know the inaccuracy level of particular instruments. There's no argument that the last 30 years in particular, we have seen an increase in average temperatures, and in many cases, reduced rainfall over certain previously wetter regions. There can be dozens of different reasons for those changes. Deforestation is one factor. Carry out excessive clearing, build lots of dark-coloured housing, and the area become hotter due to lack of shade cover, and dark colours drawing heat. The major increase in the burning of fossil fuels in the last 60-80 years has no doubt had a major impact on the climate. The very worst "climate deniers" say the fossil-fuel emissions have little effect on the climate. This cannot be correct. By the same token, one volcanic event pumps vast amounts of products into the atmosphere that all affect the atmosphere detrimentally. Sulphur and other dangerous gases, minute particles of dust, and water vapour get propelled into the atmosphere to great heights by volcanic eruptions. Old records describe volcanic events that affected the climate, the level of light, the growing of crops, and temperature variations that were measurable by anyones standards. The 2022 Hunga Tongan eruption effectively shook the world. The eruption propelled vast amounts of water, dust and chemicals into the atmosphere. The scientists have calculated there was an increase in the amount of water in the atmosphere by at least 10%, some say 15%. The dust and chemical levels have never been accurately recorded. But there's little doubt the eruption affected Earths climate adversely. The Hunga Tonga eruption materials were propelled into the mesosphere, stunning research scientists. There are plenty of records of civilisations disappearing without trace, after becoming sizeable. Researchers seem to agree that extended droughts and a resultant lack of water meant those civilisations couldn't continue, so they moved elsewhere or simply died out. Climate researchers and scientists today continually find new things that affect our climate. They recently discovered that average wave heights have been increasing, and the wave heights affect Earths climate. They have recently found convection effects in deep ice fields - which seems to defy physics. They have found thermal convection waves upwelling through deep ice, making the ice soft and increasing the deep movement of ice. We live in a world full of strange things happening. But the bottom line to me, is that todays scientists are closely examining "climate" in the scenario of just the fossil fuel age - around 120 years - and in some cases, only the last 50 years. However, climate has been in existence for millions of years, so looking at the last 50 or even 120 years of climate is like looking at the cells in a single hair of a fossilised animal and projecting its exact build and structure, from those few cells. Even today, scientists still argue over what dinosaurs were actually covered in - hair, scales or feathers? - because so much information is missing to them. The climate figures, calculations and examinations are in a similar vein. We're looking through a crack in a fence with a poor quality lens, to see the whole distant picture beyond - and we're not getting the full, accurate picture. I personally believe, "net zero" is an unachievable, stupid target, a "potential sales market" figure drawn up by bureaucrats, that has somehow become a golden calf to worship. I believe we should continue to exert ourselves to lower emissions, and to work towards less polluting methods of transport, energy production, manufacturing, etc - but to try and achieve impossible targets produced by well-paid bureaucrats, who have little experience of the real world, is simply not something we should ascribe to.

10 points LOST, but carry on. Nev

She Probably has rooms FULL of Tim tams, Jerry. Nev

The great depression started by Wall street commenced in 1929 and a Lot of US companies went out of business Others survived with Much lower sales. People were destitute. Public works were done by some governments. Any one who went through it never forgot it. it affected their way of thinking forever, WW2 got the World out of that depression but debts continued for Countries Like Britain and Australia. Russia never Paid any of the Debt to the USA. The German and Japanese economies were Helped by the USA, so they Prospered. Nev

Another bloody site blocked by a paywall.

Must be terrible having no one to Boss you around. Hug a tree. Get a pet lizard. Build a Veggie garden. Become a Painter. Build a Bird Bath. Nev