"Your average EV has six times more mineral content than a petrol- or diesel-powered vehicle. All those metals need to be dug, scraped, blasted, or leached out of the earth. There is massive demand for batteries as countries eye up ambitious zero-emissions targets. But what's the cost?"
This is the intro from an article in Business Insider. See The true cost of the global resource race to make electric car batteries
While I expect most of the people here will leap to discredit MSN or the authors, please do some research first. Let me give you the true situation using copper as an example. This is based on my own data and calculations, so don't ask me for a reference.
Minera Escondida operates two open pit copper mines in the Atacama Desert, 170 km southeast of Antofagasta in northern Chile. It is currently the highest producing copper mine in the world. I have been there.
Construction of the mine started in 1988, which including the stripping of over 180 million tonnes of waste to get to the orebody. If we amortise that over the last 37 years, it is about 5 million tonnes per year. They mine about 340 million tonnes of rock (ore and waste) per year, so total mining including the pre-strip is 345 million tonnes. From this they produce 1.4 million tonnes of copper. So, they mine 246 tonnes of rock to get one tonne of copper.
A Tesla model S contains 82 kg of copper, so it requires mining 20 tonnes of rock. And this is the highest producing mine, others are less efficient. Goldman Sachs are forecasting 73 million EV sales globally in 2040. This would require mining 1.46 billion tonnes of rock if all mining was as efficient as Escondida.
And of course there are many other minerals involved. Nickel is currently in the news with Indonesia stripping vast areas of forest to strip-mine lateritic nickel.
The madness has to stop before we destroy our planet.